Diagnostic criteria for frequent episodic tension-type headache associated with or without pericranial tenderness:

• At least 10 episodes occurring on ≥1 but <15 days per month for at least 3 months (≥12 and <180 days per year) AND fulfilling remaining criteria below

• Headache lasting from 30 min to 7 days

• Headache has at least two of the following characteristics:

  • Bilateral location

  • Pressing, tightening or non-pulsating quality

  • Mild or moderate intensity

  • Not aggravated by routine physical activity such as walking or climbing stairs

• Both of the following:

  • No nausea or vomiting (but anorexia may occur)

  • No more than one of photophobia or phonophobia

• Not attributed to another disorder

Diagnostic criteria for chronic tension-type headache associated with or without pericranial tenderness:

• Headache occurring on ≥15 days per month on average for >3 months (≥180 days per year) AND fulfilling remaining criteria below

• Headache lasts hours or may be continuous

• Headache has at least two of the following characteristics:

  • Bilateral location

  • Pressing, tightening or non-pulsating quality

  • Mild or moderate intensity

  • Not aggravated by routine physical activity such as walking or climbing stairs

• Both of the following:

  • No more than one of photophobia, phonophobia or mild nausea

  • Neither moderate or severe nausea nor vomiting

• Not attributed to another disorder

Diagnostic criteria for cervicogenic headache:

• Pain, referred from a source in the neck and perceived in one or more regions of the head and/or face, and fulfilling remaining criteria below

• Clinical, laboratory and/or imaging evidence of a disorder or lesion within the cervical spine or soft tissues of the neck known to be, or generally accepted as, a valid cause of headache

• Evidence that the pain can be attributed to the neck disorder or lesion based on at least one of the following:

  • Demonstration of clinical signs that implicate a source of pain in the neck

  • Abolition of headache following diagnostic blockade of a cervical structure or its nerve supply using placebo- or other adequate controls

• Pain resolves within 3 months after successful treatment of the causative disorder or lesion